Fig. 7

Biomimetic carriers for ASO delivery. A Components from a variety of cells and body fluids have been used to prepare biomimetic nanoparticles. B Cells can be forced to pass through membrane pores to form biomimetic nanoparticles. C Sulfhydryl-blocking can lead to the release of small biomimetic nanoparticles from the cell; UV light can induce apoptosis and produce small apoptotic bodies. D Isolated natural EVs and liposome nanoparticles can be fused into hybrid EVs