Fig. 6
From: Recent advances in extracellular vesicle engineering and its applications to regenerative medicine
Various applications on regenerative medicine using endogenous engineered EVs. A The functional enhancements with TNF-α and INF-γ (TI) priming on MSC and the therapeutic effects on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Reproduced with permission from [21]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society. B High expression of PD-L1 and applications for immunotherapy in type 1 diabetes with TNF-α and INF-γ preconditioned MSC derived EV (TI-EV). Reproduced with permission from [71]. Copyright 2023 John Wiley & Sons