Fig. 5
From: Recent advances in extracellular vesicle engineering and its applications to regenerative medicine
Endogenous modification methods for EV engineering using inflammation related factors. A The activation and functional changes of MSC preconditioned with inflammation related factors. Reproduced with permission from [14]. Copyright 2021 MDPI. B The mechanism of functional enhancements of MSC-derived EV preconditioned with INF-γ. Reproduced with permission from [65]. Copyright 2022 Springer Nature. C The TNF-α preconditioning effects on the process of MSC-derived EV production. Reproduced with permission from [66]. Copyright 2022 Elsevier