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Table 4 Selected ongoing/completed clinical trials involving tumor-derived systems (Source: https://clinicaltrials.gov/)

From: Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools—turning the enemy into an ally

System

NCT Number

Status

Overview of Study

EVs

NCT05270174

Not yet recruiting

Evaluation and validation of exosomal long noncoding RNA ELNAT1 as an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer

NCT04556916

Recruiting

Investigation of circulating blood-based biomarkers (including tumor-derived exosomes) for early detection of prostate cancer

NCT04394572

Completed

Investigation of protein markers transported by tumor exosomes for noninvasive colorectal cancer diagnostic

NCT02507583

Completed

The study explored immunotherapy of malignant glioma using exosomes derived from patient-derived cancer cells after treatment with an investigational antisense molecule

NCT05286684

Recruiting

Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid microvesicles using a high-throughput clinical proteomic approach for improved profiling of metastatic tumor meningitis

NCT01344109

Withdrawn

The study assessed the use of tumor-derived exosomes as a marker for response to therapy in women receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed breast cancer

NCT05397548

Recruiting

Investigation of circulating exosomal long noncoding RNA GC1 as a potential biomarker for the detection of gastric cancer

NCT05463107

Not yet recruiting

Investigation of a potential correlation between exosomal protein biomarkers and pathological manifestation in thyroid follicular neoplasm

NCT03334708

Recruiting

Development of a minimally invasive test for early diagnosis and treatment response monitoring in pancreatic cancer using blood-based biomarkers (including tumor-associated exosomes)

NCT03236675

Active, not recruiting

Investigated the potential of detecting patient-specific gene rearrangement/mutation from circulating exosomes in patients of non-small cell lung cancer

TCL

NCT01635283

Completed

Evaluation of safety and efficacy on survival of patients with low-grade glioma, treated with autologous DCs pulsed with autologous TCL

NCT02215837

Active, not recruiting

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of chemotherapy combined with autologous TCL-pulsed DCs for gastric cancer

NCT00405327

Completed

Study of TCL as a vaccine for high-risk solid tumor patients following stem cell transplantation

NCT03114631

Completed

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of novel peptide combined with TCL-pulsed DCs as immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer

NCT01204684

Active, not recruiting

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of immunotherapy using autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DCs in patients with an intracranial brain tumor

NCT02678741

Completed

Safety and tumor response assessment of autologous TCL, yeast cell wall particles, and DCs vaccine with checkpoint inhibitors in stage IV melanoma

NCT01678352

Completed

Evaluation of a novel vaccination regime comprised of TCL and imiquimod (an FDA-approved immune response modifier) in glioma patients

NCT03360708

Active, not recruiting

Evaluation of safety and feasibility of malignant glioma TCL-pulsed autologous DCs vaccine in glioblastoma patients at first or second recurrence

NCT03395587

Recruiting

Evaluating the efficacy of integrating vaccination with TCL-loaded mature DCs into standard radio/chemotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients

Tumor Organoids

NCT05842187

Recruiting

Evaluation of the consistency between in vitro tumor organoid drug sensitivity and the therapeutic efficacy of in vivo drug treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic or gastric cancer

NCT04777604

Not yet recruiting

Evaluation of patient-derived organoids as predictive platforms to select appropriate neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery, based on unique genomic mutations

NCT05203549

Recruiting

Assessment of the consistency between treatment responses in patient-derived organoids and actual clinical outcomes in 250 gastric cancer patients

NCT05304741

Recruiting

The study aims to establish organoid-based platforms that represent different types (advanced/recurrent/metastatic) of colorectal cancer patients and apply them to drug screening

NCT05007379

Not yet recruiting

Development and evaluation of patient-derived breast cancer organoids to test the antitumor activity of novel chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages

NCT04342286

Completed

Development of a reproducible organoid culture model using human kidney cells and their evaluation for developing personalized/targeted therapy

NCT05669586

Recruiting

Evaluation of the consistency and accuracy of patient-derived lung cancer organoids, to select personalized treatment regiments for patients with resistance to multiline standard therapies

NCT04865315

Active, not recruiting

Development of patient-derived organoids of high-grade and low-grade gliomas and their utilization in identifying underlying mechanisms that contribute to malignancy and treatment resistance

NCT04826913

Not yet recruiting

Evaluation of a high throughput device based on 3D nanomatrices and 3D tumors with functional vascularization for personalized drug screening

NCT05196334

Recruiting

Investigation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma organoids cocultured with CAFs for pharmacotyping using relevant chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic