Fig. 4

A Herceptin-functionalized CCM-coated PTX nanocrystals for targeted therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer. Subfigure (i) displays TEM images comparing uncoated NCs and HCNCs, revealing successful coating (scale bar: 200 nm). Subfigure (ii) exhibits CLSM images illustrating the cellular uptake of FITC-labeled NCs and HCNCs in SK-BR-3 cells, demonstrating enhanced uptake by HCNCs (Scale bars: 50 µm). Subfigure (iii) demonstrates the biodistribution patterns of HCNCs in tumors and main organs. Figure (iv) shows the western blot analysis of β-actin, caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins, enabling the assessment of the apoptotic capability of HCNCs. Finally, subfigure (v) depicts the in vivo antitumor effect of HCNCs. Adapted with permission from [65] Copyright Elsevier, 2022). B CCM-coated MOF for multimodal tumor therapy. Subfigure (i) provides TEM images of PFTT@CM, showing the structure of the MOF coated with CCM. Subfigure (ii) demonstrates the cumulative release of Fe3+ from PFTT@CM at different pH levels, indicating its acid-dependent dissociation. Subfigure (iii) presents the ability of PFTT@CM, mediated by Fe.3+, to deplete GSH. Subfigure (iv) reveals the continuous catalysis of H2O2 by PFTT@CM, monitored through a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine assay over a 30-min duration. Adapted with permission from [66], (Copyright Elsevier, 2022)