Fig. 15
From: Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools—turning the enemy into an ally
A Hepatocellular carcinoma organoid cocultures to understand the interplay between angiogenesis and the immune milieu. Here, subfigure (i) shows confocal microscopy images of live cocultures comprising fluorescently labeled HCC cell line-derived spheroids (Huh7) or PDX-derived organoids and ECs (HUVECs). Subfigure (ii) depicts the assessment of angiocrine signaling using the “Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis” antibody array. Subfigure (iii) shows the upregulation in protein levels of angiocrine factors (MCP-1, IL-8, and CXCL16) in HCC cells directly cocultured with ECs. Adapted with permission from [262] (Copyright Elsevier, 2022). B Automated microfluidic 3D cellular/organoid culture platform for dynamic and combinatorial drug screening. Here, subfigure (i) shows a programmable membrane-valve-based microfluidic chip that can provide automated stimulation profiles. Subfigure (ii) shows a 3D culture platform (which can be controlled by the microfluidic chip) that can produce many parallel/dynamical culture experiments. Subfigure (iii) shows a cross-section of the two-layer multichambered 3D culture chamber device (containing 200 individual chambers that are compatible with Matrigel). Subfigure (iv) depicts chemical inputs that can be preprogrammed to provide combinatorial and time-varying stimulations to the 3D culture chamber device. Subfigures (v) and (vi) show organoids or 3D cellular structures that can be continuously observed through time-lapse imaging and representative images of quantitative cellular assays, respectively. Adapted with permission from [263] (Copyright Springer Nature, 2020)