Fig. 6

a Free radical scavenging abilities of GA, DT, and DT-Ag in the concentration range of 10–150 μg/mL. Ascorbic acid was used as a positive control. b Anti-inflammatory activities of GA, DT, and DT-Ag in the concentration range of 10–150 μg/mL. Diclofenac was used as a positive control. c Results of the immunofluorescence analysis of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with LPS (200 ng/mL), DT, DT-Ag, and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for 24 h. d Expression levels of M1- (iNOS and IL-1b) and M2-type markers (CD206, Arg-1, and IL-10) in RAW 264.7 macrophages after 24-h coculturing with NC, DT, DT-Ag, Ag1, and Ag2. NC: Negative control with only DMEM added; Ag1: 5 μg/mL GA-Ag NPs; Ag2: 10 μg/mL GA-Ag NPs. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001