Fig. 7

Wound dressings with pro-vascularization function. A PDA modified collagen sponge scaffold (pDA-CSS) was fabricated to deliver PRP for skin repair. (a) PRP is coupled with pDA-CSS to promote the release of growth factors (GFs). (b) Attributed to pro-vascularization and pro-proliferation, the pDA-CSS delivering PRP achieved one-step to accelerate wound healing. Reprinted with permission from ref [125]. Copyright 2021 Elsevier. B A biodegradable scaffold was fabricated to release DFO for angiogenesis and osteogenesis. (a) DFO and charged carboxymethyl chitosan have similar chemical molecular structures (CCS). (b) Illustration angiogenesis benefiting from scaffold. (c) DFO promoted bone repair in MSCs and vascular endothelia cells (ECs) via a biological mechanism. Reprinted with permission from ref [130]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. C Cavitation molding with a 3D laser for vascularized tissue models. (a) Schematic of femtosecond laser exposure in situ patterning of collagen hydrogel. (b-c) Designed microchannels in a collagen hydrogel, brightfield and confocal pictures (d) Diagram of the dynamics during laser-induced cavitation and after the bubbles have collapsed and the matrix has relaxed. (e) Endothelial cells are seeded directly into the designed channels, resulting in the development of an artificial blood artery. (f-g) Developed vascularized glioblastoma spheroid model with encapsulated U87 glioblastoma cellular spheroids, with concept sketch and confocal fluorescence photographs. Reprinted with permission from ref [67]. Copyright 2022 Wiley-VCH. (D) Endothelial cell networks, dermal fibroblasts, and multilayered keratinocytes were used to create a schematic depicting the arrangement of skin layers. Reprinted with permission from ref [136]. Copyright 2021 IOP Science