Fig. 13

Versatile biomaterials with smart and/or responsive properties. A With the goal of repairing chronic wounds, four different growth factors (EGF, bFGF, PDGF, and VEGF) were loaded, either directly embedded in HA and collagen nanofibers or encapsulated in gelatin NPs (GNs) and subsequently incorporated into nanofibers. Reprinted with permission from ref [171]. Copyright 2014 Elsevier. B F-PNIPAAm/polyaniline (PANI) hydrogels have a network structure. PEO and PPO are poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), respectively, in Pluronic F127 (F127DA). Reprinted with permission from ref [173]. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society. C Schematic overview of structure and application of hydrogel dressings. (a) The structure, pH, and glucose response mechanism of PC hydrogel, as well as its application in diabetic foot ulcers and athletic wound healing, are depicted schematically. (b) Testing of mechanical properties of PC hydrogels. Reprinted with permission from ref [73]. Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society. D Possessing multiple responsive properties (temperature, pH and NIR) to release active drugs (like DOX), A pH-sensitive CNF grafted with terminated amino hyperbranched polyamines (HBP-NH2) as a substrate was used to develop a multi-functional and shape-adaptable liquid wound dressing (with CNF) for irregular tumor postoperative infected wounds, with ICG and PNIPAM loaded as NIR and temperature on/off buttons, respectively. Reprinted with permission from ref [174]. Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society