Fig. 7

hMSC-laden hydrogel loaded with glycosylated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) through an external magnetic field. A SPIONs are conjugated with heparin to produce a glycosylated corona that can efficiently sequester and release growth factors. B An external magnetic field is used to field-align glycosylated SPIONs in a hMSC-laden agarose hydrogel, which is thermally gelled and cultured for 28 days to generate robust osteochondral constructs comprising both bone and cartilage tissue. C An ELISA was used to detect the release of BMP-2 from glycosylated SPIONs immobilized in 1 wt% agarose, over a period of 28 days. D Profile of Raman intensity across the length of the osteochondral tissue construct. Scale bar ¼ 500 mm (E) Immunofluorescence staining of the hypertrophic protein type X collagen (orange), (F) Immunofluorescence staining of the key mineralization protein osteopontin (red). G Histological and immunofluorescence staining of key extracellular matrix proteins present in cartilage and bone revealed deposition of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (blue) and type I and II collagen (red). Scale bars ¼ 100 mm. Copyright 2018, Elsevier