Fig. 4

Multifunctional polyphenol-based SF-TA-E7 hydrogel alleviates oxidative stress and enhances endogenous regeneration of osteochondral defects. A Schematic diagram of the SF-TA hydrogel providing a supportive microenvironment to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance osteochondral regeneration. B Fluorescence microscope images of DCF fluorescence in BMSCs treated with various hydrogel-conditioned media. Scale bars ¼ 50 μm. C Intracellular ROS scavenging activity of SF, SF-TA, and SF-TA-E7 hydrogels. D Live/dead staining of BMSCs in H2O2-treated condition for 3 days. Scale bars ¼ 50 μm. E Gross morphology of joint specimens in the three groups collected at 12 weeks postoperatively. F Cross-sectional views of osteochondral repair at 12 weeks postoperatively. Copyright 2022, Elsevier