Fig. 4

In vitro attenuation of GBM progression and tumor angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment by Lf-GL modulating HMGB1 activity. a Schematic illustration of tumor microenvironment Transwell model in which HMGB1 released from U87MG affects the angiogenic properties of endothelial cells cultured in a basal chamber. b Schematic illustration in which Lf-GL effectively arrests tumor-released HMGB1 in the apical compartment and inactivates angiogenesis-related functions. The illustration was created with BioRender.com. c Quantification of HUVEC viability in the absence or presence of U87MG co-culture condition and the inhibitory effect of GL, Lf, and Lf-GL on HUVEC proliferation. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 4). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. d Quantification of HMGB1 concentration in the absence or presence of U87MG co-culture condition and the HMGB1 arresting effects of GL, Lf, and Lf-GL. Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01