Table 2 HA-based hydrogel
System | Substance | Mechanism | Signal pathway | Cell line | Animal | Wound size | Characteristic | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thiolated HA | Silver-lignin nanoparticles (Ag@Lig NPs) | Angiogenesis (+) | MPO, MMPs, ROS (-) | Keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Two,0.2cm | Shear- thinning and self-healing, antibacterial and antioxidant, tunable physico-mechanical properties and degradation rate | [159] |
HA grafted with methacrylic anhydride and N-(2-aminoethyl)-4-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy]-butana-mide (NB) groups | Amnion-derived conditioned medium (AM-CM) | Mcrophage polarization, promoting angiogenesis (+) | NA | HUVECs, macrophages from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice, fibroblasts | The db/db mice | Two, NA | Excellent mechanical properties, elasticity, biocompatibility, tissue adhesion | [157] |
HA, Pullulan, Pluronic® F127 | Curcumin | Reepithelization, angiogenesis, collagen deposition (+) | NA | 3T3-L1 fibroblasts cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | NA, 2 cm | Injectable, good rheological and mechanical properties, sustained drug release | [160] |
HAMA, PBA | Catechin | Antioxidant enzyme activity, collagen deposition, angiogenesis (+); inflammatory responses, ROS levels (-) | VEGF, CD31, IL-10 expression (+); IL-6 (-) | Fibroblasts | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One, 1cm | Glucose-responsive, antioxidant, self-healing | [161] |
Oxidized dextran, antimicrobial peptide-modified HA | PRP | Collagen deposition, angiogenesis (+); inflammation (-) | TGF-β1, VEGF (+); TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6(-) | L929 fibroblast cells | The db/db mice | Two,0.8 cm | Wide-spectrum antibacterial, good biocompatibility, stable rheological properties, biodegradability, | [162] |
HA | Paeoniflorin | Angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition (+); inflammation (-) | The transition of macrophages from M1 to M2(+) | L929 cells (mouse fibroblasts) | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Two full-thickness wounds (~0.3 cm2) per animal | Promote healing | [156] |
HA, PBA, polyethylene glycol diacrylates | Myricetin | Angiogenesis, tissue remodeling (+); inflammatory response (-) | IL-10, VEGF, CD 31(+); IL-6(-) | NIH 3T3 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One, 0.8 cm | Glucose-responsive drug release | [163] |
HA, heparin | Micellization curcumin | Re-epithelialization and collagen deposition (+) | The transition of macrophages from M1 to M2(+) | L929 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Two, 0.8cm | Good viscoelasticity and self-healing properties, excellent ROS scavenging ability and anti-inflammatory | [164] |
HA, collagen | Gelatin encapsulated metformin microspheres | Collagen deposition (+); inflammation (-) | The transition of macrophages from M1 to M2(+) | Mouse NIH-3T3 cells and RAW 264.7 cells | High sugar and high-fat feed rats | Two ,1cm | pH-responsive, anti- inflammatory | [165] |
Oxidized HA, (PBAimBF4) | NA | NA | VEGF (+); TNF-α (-) | L929 cells | Type I diabetes rat model | One,0.8cm | Injectable, satisfactory mechanical properties and flexibility, suitable conductivity and biocompatibility | [166] |
HHA, PVA | M2 phenotype macrophages (MΦ2), Cu2+ | Inflammation (-) | the transition of macrophages from M1 to M2(+) | Mouse fibroblast cell (L929), HUVECs, and mouse macrophage cells (Raw 264.7) | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | A 7mm thick wound on the back | Promote healing | [167] |