Fig. 13

Schematic illustration of the synthesis of HApt-tFNA@DM1 (HTD), PEOz-erythrosome@HTD, and their proposed antitumor mechanism. a Schematic illustration of the synthetic process of HTD. b) PEOz-erythrosome@HTD was synthesized by coextrusion of PEOz-liposome@HTD and erythrosome. c After intravenous injection, PEOz-erythrosome@HTD was expected to target the acidic tumor microenvironment through the pH- responsive property and then release its cargo (HApt-tFNA@DM1, HTD). The HTD could bind to HER2 protein and be internalized by HER2-positive cancer cells. After the lysosomal degradation of HTD, the DM1 was released and could bind to β-tubulin. The released DM1 kills tumor cells by inhibiting the process of dissociation or assembly of microtubule (combination of β-tubulin and α-tubulin). Reproduced with permission from Ma et al. [129]. Copyright John Wiley and Sons (2022)