Fig. 3

ZnPcS treated U87-glioma cells. a Cellular uptake of ZnPcS in U87-glioma over time; free porphyrin for 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (n = 3). The images from left to right show ZnPcS fluorescence (excitation 633 nm and emission 710 nm) and nuclear staining with DAPI (excitation 405 nm and emission 459 nm). Scale bar = 50 μm. b Intracellular ROS levels evaluation by DCF-DA (excitation 488 nm and emission 516 nm). Confocal microscopy images of U87-glioma after laser irradiation in ZnPcS treatment or nontreatment groups. Scale bar = 50 μm. c–d U87-glioma viability measured by the MTT assay after ZnPcS treatment with or without laser irradiation (n = 6). Quantitative data are represented as fold changes relative to the nontreated group and are displayed as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses are performed by student t-test (*p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared with the nontreated group)