Fig. 6

3D bioprinting for ear reconstruction. A Demonstration of three methods of preparing ear cartilage for ear reconstruction, i.e., traditional surgical method, 3D bioprinting ear cartilage, and 3D bio-scaffold [8]. B 3D bioprinting produces pinna cartilage [187]. (i) 3D digital model of the human ear and bioprinting ear structures based on biomimetic microporous methacrylate-modified acellular cartilage matrix microporous bioink, (ii) live/dead cell staining of bioprinting ear structures, (iii) well-preserved in vivo regenerated ear cartilage structures in nude mice after 12 and 24 weeks of culture, (iv) 3D modeling bias present in the regenerated ear cartilage, (v) H&E, saffronin-O, Alcian blue and COL II staining of the regenerated ear cartilage after 24 weeks of in vivo culture. C Schematic representation of preparation of microtissue bioink and its application to Digital Light Processing bioprinting [188]. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [8, 187, 188]