Fig. 7

Osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs seeded on 3D-printed PCL and PLATMC characterized by gene expression of osteogenic markers and Alizarin red staining. a box plots representing the gene expression of selected osteogenic markers at 7 and 21 days. b left-hand side shows micrographs of the mineralization stained by Alizarin red at 21 and 28 days, compared with unseeded templates (blank), while the inset pictures show the gross view. A column chart is plotted on the right-hand side representing the quantified optical density of the dissolved stain of each group subtracted from blanks (unseeded templates). Statistical significance between each time point and the previous time point in the same group is marked with hash symbol (#), while significance between the groups is marked with Asterisks (*) at p < 0.05; * p > 0.0332, ** p > 0.0021, *** p > 0.0002, **** p < 0.0001