Fig. 5

Workflow and error sources associated with the implementation of TFM. In fluorescence imaging step, microscopic images of cells were taken in after (relaxed) and before (stresses) states using trypsin. In microbead tracking, the difference in microbead positions in stressed and relaxed states was measured by employing image processing using MATLAB algorithm. The difference in microbead coordinates in stressed and relaxed images are marked with green and pink color, respectively. The microbead displacement data from MATLAB were used to compute stresses and strain during computational modeling. The cell morphology (orange) and nodes (white) along with constraint boundary condition are marked with pink arrows. The traction stress due to bead displacement and constraint boundary condition are marked with red and yellow contours in the result step