Fig. 4

Techniques to study cellular adhesion of multiple cells. A Schematic of the simple washing technique: (left) cell adhesion state without any shear force, (right) cell under gentle shear stress owing to the stirrer. B Schematic of the spinning disk technique: (left) cells in culture dish without the application of external centrifugal forces (reference state), (right) cells moving out from culture dish owing to the application of applied centrifugal force by spinning disk. C Schematic of the flow chamber technique: adhering cells were measured at different flow speeds using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) rectangular microchannel device