Fig. 7
From: Cellular direct conversion by cell penetrable OCT4-30Kc19 protein and BMP4 growth factor
In vivo bone regeneration in cranial defect mice after 8 weeks. (A) Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) 3D reconstruction image in cranial defects. Cranial defects with 4 mm diameter were made on mice and cell-seeded scaffolds were put in the defect area for 8 weeks. Before implantation, cells were treated with OCT4-30Kc19 or BMP4. The group with OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4 treated cells had the highest bone regeneration potential. Quantitative analysis of bone volume to tissue volume (BV/TV) in each group (n = 3). ***p < 0.001. (B) Masson’s trichrome staining (MTC) of cranial defects. The sample treated with OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4 showed the highest accumulation of collagen. Collagen is stained in blue. Scale bar, 100 μm. (C) Immunofluorescence staining of OCN. Expression of OCN in OCT4-30Kc19 and BMP4 samples was more prominent than in other groups. Anti-OCN-antibody (1:400) was used as the primary antibody for OCN detection. Scale bar, 100 μm