Fig. 5

Histological samples of best (a-b) and worst (c-d) samples from sham (a) and (c) and TiO₂ (b) and (d). New bone stained deep purple and irregular in shape. Lingual side left and buccal side right for all figures. a Complete healing of the defect. b Extensive bone growth within the porous scaffold. c Resorption of the lingual bone wall and epithelium in contact with the implant. d Missing scaffold at the buccal side and no bone contact between bone and scaffold lingually. Arrows: mucosal perforations also visible on both sides