Fig. 1

Characterization of uncoated and CoCaP-coated biomineralized collagen (BiominCol) membranes. SEM images of the surface topography of uncoated and CoCaP-coated BiominCol show that both materials have a fibrillar structure. No mineral deposits are seen on the CoCaP-coated BiominCol membrane and the mesh-like structure seems to be preserved after the coating procedure, without obvious differences in fibril diameter. Quantification of Co²⁺ by ICP-MS in CoCaP-coated BiominCol membranes, expressed as the ratio of Co²⁺ to Ca²⁺ for CoCaP coating solutions with different initial Co²⁺ concentrations. The initial concentration of 1 μM was chosen for the rest of the study. Quantification of Co²⁺ released by CoCaP-coated BiominCol membranes in water, expressed as cumulative release over a period of 16 days (n = 3). Quantification of mineral content of uncoated and CoCaP-coated BiominCol membranes by TGA, expressed as the remaining mass after burning at 800 °C, showing an about 4% (wt/wt) higher mineral content in CoCaP-coated membranes. Elasticity modulus determined by nanoindentation measurements of uncoated and CoCaP-coated BiominCol. The CoCaP coating increased the membrane modulus of elasticity by about one order of magnitude (p < 0.0001)