Fig. 8
From: Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration
Nanocarrier assisted transdermal drug delivery. Dermal application of the drugs is still promising approach irrespective of the principle skin layers epidermis, dermis and hypodermis which is acting as a barrier and protecting the body. The outer skin layer or the visible “epidermis” further has three distinguished separate layers which limit the penetration of drugs into deeper skin layers. Fabrication of engineered drug laden nanocarriers is designed to overcome the skin barriers and reach the deeper skin layers. The nanocarriers penetration into skin via different pathways is clearly documented and the development of active and passive delivery methods enables the enhanced transdermal delivery