Table 1 Typical examples of tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles
From: Tumor microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles for cancer theragnostic applications
Nanoparticle type | TME stimuli | Functionalities | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Heparosan- and deoxycholic acid-conjugated micelle | Redox | GSH-responsive drug release and degradation | [52] |
Gold nanoparticles | pH and Redox | Drug release controlled by pH and disassembly mediated by GSH | [63] |
His-tagged fluorescent fusion protein chimera and NiFe2O4-based magnetic nanoparticles | Enzyme | MMP-2 enzyme cleavable peptide linker | [47] |
Polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugated alkylated 2-nitroimidazole (NI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated chlorin e6 (Ce6) | Hypoxia | Light and hypoxia triggered release of anti-cancer drug | [43] |
Human serum Albumin nanoparticle | pH/H2O2 | pH-dependent degradation of nanoparticles into smaller polymer-drug conjugates | [61] |
Hollow mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles | Hypoxia | Hypoxic microenvironment creation via ultrasound irradiation and hypoxia-triggered release of anti-cancer drug release of drug by hypoxia | [64] |
Gold nanocluster | pH | pH-sensitive drug release | [8] |
Methoxy (polyethylene glycol) thioketal-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-TK-PCL) micelles | Reactive oxygen species (ROS) | ROS-responsive drug release | [57] |