Fig. 5
From: Advances in medical adhesives inspired by aquatic organisms’ adhesion
Synthetic approaches inspired by sandcastle worm adhesion insights. a Images of sandcastle worms and sandcastle glue. b Adhesion model. Within secretory cells of the cement glands, a mixture of the oppositely charged adhesive proteins and divalent cations condense into a nanoparticulate fluid phase through complex coacervation. c Schematic illustration of ternary complex coacervate formation. d, e Sand castle worm-inspired synthetic molecules and coacervation. The figure b, c, e was reproduced/edited from References [55, 60, 63], respectively