Figure 1

Schematic illustration of the applications of hSCAPs to bone and neural tissue engineering and characterization of primary cultured hSCAPs. I. Schematic illustration of bone and neural differentiation of mycoplasma eliminated hSCAPs for bone and neural tissue engineering. II. Morphology and immunocytochemical images of the primary cultured stem cells from apical papilla (hSCAPs). A. Cell outgrowth from apical papilla tissue fragment. B. Expanded hSCAPs. C. Stro-1(green) and nuclear staining (DAPI; blue). D. CD44 (red) and nuclear staining (DAPI; blue). E. SEM image of the expanded hSCAPs in the presence of NGF, FGF2 and LIF. F. CD44 (green) and nuclear staining (DAPI; blue) of the expanded hSCAPs in the presence of NGF, FGF2 and LIF. G. Nestin (green) and nuclear staining (DAPI; blue) of the expanded hSCAPs in the presence of NGF, FGF2 and LIF. H. CD133 (red) and nuclear staining (DAPI; blue) the expanded hSCAPs in the presence of NGF, FGF2 and LIF.