Fig. 4

Cytotoxicity of CAFs after various treatments in vitro. A The cell viability of CAFs, and (B) the concentration of TGF-β in supernatant of CAFs treated with different hydrogels. C The differentiation of RAW264.7 after co-incubation with the supernatant of CAFs using flow cytometry after staining with CD206 (Marker for M2 macrophages). Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). The comparison of two groups was followed by unpaired Student’s t-test (two-tailed). The level of significance was defined as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01