Fig. 12

A Schematic illustration of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP)_trypsin used as an enzyme inhibitor to prevent trypsin-caused cell damage. B Microscopy imaging of L-02 cells incubated with trypsin or trypsin/A1AT or trypsin/MIP_trypsin. C Graphical illustration of the principle of tumor cell immune evasion from T-cells and the reactivation of T-cell immunity by blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) via N-glycan-imprinted NanoNiche with a desialylation function. D Microscopy images of the T-cell-mediated apoptotic effect in MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with NanoNiche (220 μL) after treatment for 0, 1, 2, and 3 h. E Average tumor volumes and body weights of tumor-bearing mice under different treatments at different time intervals. A, B Reproduced with permission from [173], published by Wiley 2021. C, D, E Reproduced with permission from [176], published by American Chemical Society 2021