System | Substance | Mechanism | Signal pathway | Cell line | Animal | Wound size | Characteristic | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HA and CS | OHA and CMC | Curcumin, EGF | Collagen deposition, angiogenesis (+); oxidative stress, inflammation (-) | IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP9 (-) | NIH-3T3 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One,0. 8cm | On-demand drug release, superior rheological, swelling, degradation, biocompatibility, antibacterial, hemostatic properties. | [209] |
Quaternary ammonium chitosan and OHA | α-LA | Cell proliferation, neovascularization(+) | PCNA, Ki67, CD34, α-SMA (+) | Human dermal fibroblasts, HaCAT, HUVECs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Three ,1.5cm | Superior injectability, self-healing, adhesive mechanical properties, antibacterial, biocompatibility | [210] | |
OHA and SCS | Insulin-loaded micelles and EGF | Fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, myofibrils (+) | NA | 3T3 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One,0. 8cm | pH-responsive, low biological cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility | [211] | |
N-carboxyethyl chitosan, HA-ALD | BM-MSCs | Granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, nucleated cell proliferation, neovascularization (+) | TGF-β, VEGF, bFGF, CD31, Ki67(+) | BM-MSCs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | one,0. 5cm | Promote stem cell proliferation or secretion of growth factors, injectable, self-healing properties | [212] | |
CMCS and OHA | Taurine | Anti-inflammatory activity, angiogenesis (+) | VEGF (+); TNF-α, IL-6(-) | L929 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One,0. 8cm | Self-healing, pH- responsive, good biocompatibility, mechanical properties | [213] | |
OHA and CMCS | Au-Pt alloy nanoparticles | Angiogenesis, epidermis growth, collagen deposition (+); Inflammation (-) | VEGF, CD31, IL-10 (+); IL-1β (-) | NA | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Three, 1.2 cm | Self- healing, regulating wound pathological microenvironment, antibacterial | [214] | |
Cellulose and chitosan | CMCS-Hep and CMC-A | SOD, rhEGF | Cell migration and proliferation, collagen fibers deposition, blood vessels (+); DNA damage, inflammation (-) | ki67, CD31(+) | L929, HUVEC | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One,1 cm | biodegradable, injectable, self-healing, and low-toxic | [215] |
Methylcellulose, chitosan | Exosomes from PMSC cell culture | Angiogenesis (+); apoptosis (-) | Bcl-2, VEGF (+); Bax(-) | 293T cells | C57BLKS-Leprdb mice diabetes model | NA,0.7cm | Self-healing, injectable, biocompatibility | [206] | |
Gelatin and chitosan | Gelatin and chitosan | Histatin-1, polypyrrole based conductive nanoparticles | the deposition of ECM, vascularization (+), inflammatory response, cell damage (-) | CD31, α-SMA (+); TNF-α (-) | L929 cells, HUVECs | db/db congenital diabetic mice (type II) | One,1cm | Good adhesion, stability, and biocompatibility, conductivity | [216] |
Chitosan and alginate | CMCS and SA | Ir-fliq probe | Bacterial growth (-) | NA | NIH3T3, RAW264.7 and H22 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One,0.5cm | Real-time monitoring | [217] |
Cellulose and HA | OHMPC, HA-ADH | Alg@ori, HA-PEI@siRNA-29a | Angiogenesis (+), inflammation (-) | α-SMA and CD31(+); IL-6 and TNF-α (-) | Mouse fibroblasts L929 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Wounds on the dorsal region | Anti-inflammation, angiogenesis, excellent biocompatibility | [218] |