Table 4 Gelatin based hydrogel
System | Substance | Mechanism | Signal pathway | Cell line | Animal | wound size | characteristic | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GelMA | CONPs | Angiogenesis (+); free radical (-) | NA | HaCaT keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Four ,1 cm | Promote healing | [192] |
GelMA | SNAP(a nitric oxide donor) | Cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis (+); the growth of bacteria (-) | NA | 3T3 fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocyte cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Four ,1 cm | Promote healing | [191] |
Gelatin methacrylamide | 4-octyl itaconate -modified black phosphorus nanosheets | Antioxidant activity, neovascularization (+) | SOD2, VEGF, FGF-2, CD31, α-SMA (+) | HUVECs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One, 1.5 cm | Antibacterial, antioxidant, combine with PDT and PTT, Near-Infrared Responsive Properties | [193] |
Aminated gelatin, oxidized dextran | Nano-ZnO, Pf-encapsulated micelles | Angiogenesis and collagen deposition (+); inflammation (-) | IL-10, CD31(+); TNF-α (-) | Murine L929 fibroblasts, HUVECs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Four, 1.2 cm | Sequential hemostatic, microbe killing, angiogenic, injectable, inflammation-responsive, self-healing | [194] |
Gelatin, 3-carboxy-phenylboronic acid, PVA | VAN-AgNCs and micelles loaded with nimesulide (NIM) | New vessel formation, collagen deposition (+); inflammation (-) | IL-10(+); TNF-α (-) | Mouse fibroblast L929, HUVECs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | Four ,1.2 cm | Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, biocompatibility, hemostasis, inflammation-responsive | [195] |
methacryloyl-substituted Bletilla Striata polysaccharide, gelatin | NA | The proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, angiogenesis (+) | The transition of macrophages from M1 to M2(+) | NIH/3T3 cells, RAW 264.7 cell | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | NA, 0.6 cm | Promote healing, porous, biodegradable, adjustable mechanical properties | [196] |
GelMA, oxidized chondroitin sulfate | OCS-polypyrrole conductive nanoparticles | Neurovascular regeneration, collagen deposition (+) | PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK pathways (+) | Fibroblasts, HUVECs | The SD mice | Four,1.2 cm | Promote healing | [197] |
GelMA | Cerium containing bioactive glass | Granulation tissue, collagen deposition, angiogenesis (+) | CD31, α-SMA (+) | L929 cells, HUVECs | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One, 1 cm | Excellent antibacterial, angiogenic, cell compatibility | [198] |
Polyacrylamide, gelatin, and ε-polylysine | NA | Collagen deposition, angiogenesis (+); bacterial breed (-) | CD31(+) | L929 cells | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | One, 1 cm | super-stretchability, enduring water retention, adhesiveness, persistent antibacterial property | [199] |
GelMA | VH298-loaded extracellular vesicles | Blood supply, angiogenesis (+) | HIF-1α mediated enhancement of angiogenesis (+) | ESCs and HUVECs | The db/db mice | Two,1 cm | High biocompatibility, proper mechanical properties, promoting angiogenesis | [190] |
GelMA | Adenine acrylate, and CuCl2 | Epithelialization, collagen deposition angiogenesis (+) proinflammatory factors (-) | α- SMA and CD31 (+); IL-6(-) | Fibroblast cell lines (L929 cells) | STZ-induced diabetic rat model | NA, NA | Good biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, promote healing | [200] |