Fig. 9

A GelMA hydrogel loaded with VH-EVs for the treatment of diabetic wounds. a Schematic illustration of the experimental procedure of the in vivo study. b Underlying mechanisms of VH-EVs released from GelMA hydrogel for enhancing angiogenesis by stabilizing HIF-1α in HUVECs. c Blood perfusion at the wound areas of different groups was evaluated by a laser Doppler perfusion imaging system. d The gross view of neovascularization toward the wound in different treatment groups. e Immunohistochemical staining of CD31, HIF-1α, and VEGFA in regenerated skin tissue in different groups at day 12. e-g Quantitative analysis of the relative mean density of immunohistochemical staining of CD31, HIF-1α, and VEGFA in regenerated skin tissue in different groups at day 12. Reproduced from [190] with permission from Elsevier Copyright 2022