| Biomaterial | Method | Cells used | MSC properties | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural biomaterials | Gelatin and collagen | One-step MSCs derivation method; gelatin and collagen are coated repeatedly for two passages over culture plates | miPSCs | CD73 is expressed; CD90 expression increases with passage, whereas CD105 expression decreases | (213) |
Gelatin | EB are formed for 7 days, and then they are cultured on 0.1% gelatin-coated plates for 2 weeks to attain confluency | hESCs | CD73 and Stro1 markers are expressed; MSCs are successfully differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes | ||
iPSCs are cultured over 0.1% gelatin for 14 days in MSC medium | iPSCs | All major MSCs markers are expressed with stable passage capacity until 17 passages | (231) | ||
EBs formed are cultured in 1% gelatin-coated plates; some EBs attach and exhibit outgrowth; the unattached EBs are transferred to another 1% gelatin-coated plate in which MSC-like cells are formed in this culture. | hiPSCs | Both attached and transferred EBs form MSCs, which are termed as aiMSCs and tiMSCs, respectively. aiMSCs exhibit greater CD90 expression than tiMSCs. MSCs markers are expressed in the second passage | (232) | ||
Collagen type I | Collagen I is used to coat plates, PSCs are cultured over collagen, and repeated passaging is performed | iPSCs and hESCs | After the fourth passage, adult MSCs characteristics are gained; CD90, CD73, and CD105 are strongly expressed. Trilineage potential is observed, but with less adipogenic characteristics | (214) | |
Collagen type-IV | EBs are cultured on collagen type IV-coated plate with growth factors to induce expressions of mesodermal and neuroepithelial cells, which are then converted into MSC-like cells in MSC medium for 1 month | hiPSCs | High expression of MSCs markers is observed; differences in paracrine factors can be seen | (233) | |
Fibrin | Fibrin is used for differentiation, and both 2D and 3D environment are formed | hiPSCs | All MSCs markers are found; only adipogenic differentiation potential is found; 3D culture yields poorer results | (215) | |
Fibronectin | ESC differentiates spontaneously and are then cultured in fibronectin-coated plates | hESCs | After 7 days, MSC markers are observed, isolation of MSCs from heterogeneous population is achieved; further passages generate mature MSCs with all surface markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential | (172) | |
Synthetic biomaterials | PMEDSAH | EBs formed from cells are cultured over PMEDSAH-coated plates and subsequently transferred to gelatin-coated plates for MSC generation | hiPSCs | CD90 markers are not observed; high adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic potentials are noted | (217) |
Polypeptide conjugated gold-coated plates | Integrin ligand-engineered plates are prepared; mesodermal differentiation medium supplemented with BMP4 is used | hESCs | After 48Â h, mesodermal markers are observed: further downstream differentiation occurs | (220) |