Fig. 15
From: Advanced cancer targeting using aptamer functionalized nanocarriers for site-specific cargo delivery
Schematic illustration of the targeted delivery of doxorubicin using a functionalized aptamer to circumvent multidrug resistance. Doxorubicin (Dox) intercalates into the GC-rich dsDNA of Aptamer-dsDNA (ApS) to form ApS&Dox nanoparticles. Aptamer binds specifically to nucleolin (green) on the cell surface. The nucleolin/ApS&Dox complex is endocytosed and delivered to the nucleus, where doxorubicin intercalates with the genomic DNA. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article). Reproduced with permission from Liu et al. [135]. Copyright Elsevier (2016)