Fig. 2

Antibacterial activity of Rp@Al in vitro. a, b Culture plate images (a) and quantitative analysis (b) showing the antibacterial ability of different treatments (mean ± SD, n = 5). c, d Crystal violet staining images (c) and quantitative analysis (d) showing the anti-biofilm ability of different treatments (mean ± SD, n = 5). e Schematic diagram showing the antibacterial and anti-biofilm performance of Rp@Al. ns, no significance, ****P < 0.0001