Fig. 3

Inhibition of growth and nucleation of ice crystals. a Microscopy images of ice crystals in the presence of PEGs solutions (10 wt.%) in DMEM. The scale bar is 100 μm. b MLGS of PEG solutions relative to that of DMEM without PEGs. c) Fraction frozen of the droplets as a measure of INI activity of aqueous PEG solution (10 wt.%). d) Nucleation temperature at which 50% of the 20 droplets was frozen. * and ** indicate p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. N = 3