Fig. 6

 A Schematic image illustrating the functionalization of the orthopedic implants with Zn and its antibacterial mechanism to prevent IAI. Reproduced with permission [152]. Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society. B Schematic illustration of the antibacterial mechanism of Zn-MOFs involved in ROS production [153]. Copyright 2021, Wiley-VCH GmbH. C Schematic diagram of the comprehensive antibacterial strategy based on LL37, including bacteria killing directly and producing LL37 continuously against escaped bacteria. (i) TEM images illustrating the ability of LL37 to kill intracellular bacteria (Up: control; middle: LL37@ZIF8; down: LL37@ZIF8-LL37). Reproduced with permission [182]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH GmbH. D Schematic illustration of DJK-5-decorated surface with antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and osteolysis-inhibiting properties. (ii) SEM images and Live/dead staining showing the destruction of multiple bacterial adhered on HDP-functionalized surfaces (AH-Ti, AH-Ti-PDA and AH-Ti-PDA-DJK-5, respectively). (iii) Immunohistochemical (IL-6) staining demonstrating the anti-inflammatory ability of the DJK-5 immobilized surface (Gauze, AH-Ti, AH-Ti-PDA and AH-Ti-PDA-DJK-5, respectively). Reproduced with permission [183]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V.