Table 1 List of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide composites and their drug and gene delivery applications

rGO-MPAH-FA

pDNA

NIR

HEK-293A

Gene therapy

In vitro

-

[114]

BPBA@GA-rGO

GA

pH

A549

Chemotherapeutic

In vitro

-

[150]

rGO/KGN@Ge

KGN

-

ADSC

Repairing cartilage defect

In vitro

-

[151]

rGO/CS

5-FU

CUR

-

HT-29

Chemotherapy

In vitro

-

[152]

rGO@MSN

DOX

pH

A549

Cancer therapy

In vitro

Phototherapy

[153]

rGO/β-carotene

Nrf2

-

Hepatic stellate cells

Ameliorate hepatic fibrosis and influences Nrf2 signaling

In vivo

-

[154]

MrGO-AA-g-4-HC

CPT

4-HC

pH

MCF7

WS1

Chemo-photodynamic therapy

Cancer therapy

In vitro/

In vivo

Phototherapy

[141]

PEG-BPEI-rGO

DOX

NIR

PC-3

Cancer treatment

In vitro

Phototherapy

[149]

CHA-rGO

DOX

-

KB epidermal

carcinoma

Cancer treatment

In vitro/

In vivo

-

[144]

rGO/β-CD

Azo-C₆₀

UV

PC-12

Protection cytotoxicity from nitric oxide

In vitro

-

[155]

rGO/MSN/PDA

DOX

pH

NIR

MHCC97-L

MHCC97-H

Chemo-photothermal therapy

In vitro

Phototherapy

[156]

rGO-PDA

Ara

NIR

HeLa

Antitumor therapy

In vitro/

In vivo

Phototherapy

[157]

rGO-PLPEG

siRNA

-

MCF7

Gene therapy

In vitro

-

[158]

CUR@HSA-MNPs@rGO

DOX

pH

SH-SY5Y

Cancer treatment

In vitro

-

[145]

rGO/HA-SP

DOX

-

MDCK

A549

Cellular imaging

Cancer treatment

In vitro/

In vivo

Bioimaging

[33]

PEG-rGO

ssRNA

-

HeLa

Gene therapy

In vitro

-

[17]

Zn-dopamine-rGO

DOX

pH

T-47D

MCF10A

Cancer treatment

Antibacterial

In vitro

Antibacterial

[159]

Gd-rGO

5-FU

-

H1299

Optical coherence tomography

Magnetic resonance imaging

In vitro

Bioimaging

[160]

(CA-BODIPY)-PPDN/rGO

DOX

pH

Thermal

MDCK

MDA-MB-231

Cellular imaging

Cancer treatment

In vitro

Bioimaging

[161]

CuS(DOX)-GO-HA

DOX

pH

NIR

SCC-7

MDA-MB-231

BT-474

Cancer therapy

In vitro/

In vivo

Phototherapy

[146]

GO-PEG

DOX

pH

CAL-27

SCC-25

HOK

Cancer therapy

In vitro

-

[147]

GO@Ge

PAC

pH

L929

MCF7

Chemo-photothermal therapy

In vitro

Phototherapy

[148]

MGO-PEG-CET

DOX

pH

CT26

Chemo-phototherapy

In vitro/

In vivo

Phototherapy

[162]

GO/Red blood cell membrane

DOX

pH

MCF7

Cancer chemotherapy

In vitro/

In vivo

-

[163]

GO/Fe₃O₄

MTX

-

Caov-4

HeLa

MCF7

Cancer chemotherapy

In vitro

-

[164]

GO/Au-PEG-PLA

miR-101

NIR

MCF7

MDA

HU02

Gene therapy

In vitro

Phototherapy

[165]

GO-PEG-PLA

miR-101

NIR

MCF7

MCF10A

MDA-MB-231

HU02

Chemo-photothermal therapy

In vitro

Phototherapy

[166]