Fig. 11
From: Recent advances in near-infrared-II hollow nanoplatforms for photothermal-based cancer treatment
a The schematic illustration of synthetic process of PEGylated CMS@GOx. b Schematic illustration of fabrication and mechanism of PEGylated CMS@GOx for PTT/PDT/CDT/ST and the mechanism of antitumor immune responses induced by PEGylated CMS@GOx-based phototherapy in combination with checkpoint blockade therapy. c TEM image of CMS. d O2 generation curve of CMS aqueous solution (200 µg mL− 1, pH = 6.75) without and with H2O2 addition (100 × 10− 6 M). Illustrations are O2 generation photographs of CMS with H2O2 addition before and after 1 h. e H2O2 generation in CMS@GOx solution arising from the addition of different concentrations of glucose (insert a-d: 0 × 10− 3 M, 2 × 10− 3 M, 4 × 10− 3 M and 8 × 10− 3 M). f GSH depletion (89 × 10− 6 M) under the reduction of different concentrations of CMS. g Heating and cooling curves of CMS aqueous solution (200 µg mL− 1, 1 mL) under 1064 nm (0.48 W cm− 2) laser irradiation, linear time data obtained from the cooling period. h Depletion of DPBF over CMS due to •O2− generation (65 µg mL− 1 of CMS, 0.48 W cm− 2 of 1064 nm laser). i The inverted fluorescence microscopy images of ROS production after different treatments (scale bars: 20 μm). j Assessment of synergistic comprehensive treatment effects of PEGylated CMS@GOx by the MTT assay. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 (two-tailed t-test). k-m The secretion levels of IL-12p70, IL-6, and TNF-α by ELISA assay in DC suspensions after different treatments. n, o Growth curves of primary tumor volume and distant tumor volume in Balb/c mice with different treatments. p Scheme of PEGylated CMS@GOx-based synergistic comprehensive treatment combined with anti-CTLA4 checkpoint blockade treatment for lung metastasis inhibition in Balb/c mice. q Representative images of picric-acid-stained lung tissues from different treatment groups, with metastatic nodules indicated by red circles. r H&E staining of lung tissues with different treatments. The yellow circles in the figure show the lung metastatic lesions (scale bar: 20 μm). Reproduced with permission from Ref. [111]. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.