Fig. 2From: Film-trigger applicator (FTA) for improved skin penetration of microneedle using punching force of carboxymethyl cellulose film acting as a microneedle applicatora Schematic steps for fabrication of carbohydrate polymer CMC film. b Schematic steps for fabrication of DMN on CMC film. c Light microscope and schematic images of FTA application steps (Scale bar, 500 µm). d Light microscope image of general purpose polystyrene micropillars (Scale bar, 500 µm). e Example of expected human application site for FTABack to article page