From: The role of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis treatment via microenvironment regulation
Enrichment method | Principle | Advantages | Limitations | Reference(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ultracentrifugation | Density | The most commonly used and well-established program Simple Relatively high yield | Bulky Requires expensive instruments Time-consuming Contamination with aggregated protein and ribonucleoprotein particles Requires a large amount of sample Low purity | |
Gradient ultracentrifugation | Based on the density gradient of the solution | Most commonly used method Relatively high purity Maintains EV integrity | Time-consuming Requires a large amount of sample Require expensive instrumentation Lower yield | |
Size-exclusion chromatography | Particle size and molecular mass | Economic Relatively high purity Maintains EV integrity Multiple eluents | Time-consuming Lack of specificity Difficult to produce on a large scale Contamination | [63] |
Field flow fractionation | Particle size and molecular mass | High yield High purity Time-efficient | Lack of specificity Difficult to produce on a large scale Requires complex equipment Difficult to perform | |
Coprecipitation | Surface charge | Processing that is easy to use | Lack of specificity Difficult to produce on a large scale | [66] |
Affinity capture | Based on the interaction between captured molecules and EVs antigens | High purity Specific separation | High cost Only specific target proteins can be isolated Low yield |