Fig. 5
From: The role of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis treatment via microenvironment regulation
MSCs-EVs target articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes to maintain homeostasis in the articular microenvironment. Cartilage degeneration, synovitis, and subchondral bone degradation are all pathological processes associated with OA. Synovial fluid component contents are altered by MSCs-EVs. Arrows pointing downward indicate downregulation, whereas arrows pointing upward indicate upregulation