Fig. 3
From: The role of extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis treatment via microenvironment regulation
The most important EVs engineering methods. Strategies for designing donor cells are shown on the left. Co-incubation and gene transfection methods are utilized to deliver cargos into donor cells. EVs engineering strategies are shown on the right. Sonication 、electroporation、freeze and thaw、co-incubation and extrusion techniques are utilized to insert cargos into EVs