Fig. 5

Assessment of in vitro fibrinolytic and thrombolytic potential of rmDPPs. (a) Schematic fibrinolytic gel model. (b) Binary images processing of lysed gel, showing that rtPA induced whole gel lysis within the observed time, while both None, +M, and +US groups did not lyse the gel effectively. Slightly different lytic patterns were observed in the +M+US group, presenting nonlytic areas in the one-side bottom or in the center. A more detailed description of lytic patterns is presented in Supplementary Fig. 9. (c) Quantification of fibrinolytic gel area after 24 hrs (\(n=3\)). (d) Localized rmDPPs using the 0.42 T magnet in the dish, showing that the particles were seen in the site where the magnet was located (top view). Separated phase between water and rmDPPs in suspension (side view). (e) Images of rmDPPs-mediated in vitro blood clot lysis with various external stimuli. (f) Quantification of blood clot dissolution (\(n=6\)). Group information: rmDPPs without any external stimulus for the None group; rmDPPs with sole magnetic attraction for the +M group; rmDPPs with sole acoustic stimulus for the +US group; rmDPPs with the simultaneous stimuli for the +M+US group