Fig. 2

Physical and biological characterization of npGG. A Water uptake of dried npGG during 72 h of rehydration in PBS. B Effect of different solutions on npGG regarding I. Polydispersity index II. Average size distribution. C Biological performance of human dermal fibroblasts (hDFbs) stimulated with different npGG concentrations (2, 20, 100, 200 µg.mL⁻¹) for 72 h I. Metabolic activity was assessed by MTS and presented as the percentage of control non-stimulated cells. II. Cell proliferation evaluated by DNA quantification. D Morphological analysis of hDFbs by rhodamine-phalloidin/DAPI after stimulation with varying concentrations of npGG (red = rhodamine and blue = DAPI). Original magnification 10 × , scale bar = 100 μm