Table 3 Summary of common polymer-based delivery systems
From: Nonviral delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotide therapeutics
Delivery Systems | Administration Route | Target | Nanocarriers components | Particle size | Key observations | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Glucose-Coated polymeric nanocarrier | Intravenous injection | Brain | Glu-PEG-PLL, MeO-PEG-PLL | 42–45 nm | Glucose-modified polymeric nanocarriers enable noninvasive ASO administration to the brain | [80] |
Polyamide nanocarrier | Injection | Candida albicans | Porous poly(γ-butyrolactam), poly(ε-caprolactam), ASO | NA | Polyamide nanocarriers deliver ASO with entrapment or immobilization strategies | [81] |
Polyethylenimine-based lipid nanoparticles | NA | Breast cancer | PEI, PC, Octaarginine, Palmitic acid, ASO | 276.87 ± 5.63 nm | Lp-PPRP deliver ASOs with lower cytotoxic and higher transfection efficiency | [82] |
Chitosan microparticles | NA | NA | Chitosan, ASO | 200 μm | Chitosan microparticles maintain the stability of ASO in plasma | [83] |
Core–shell nanoparticles | Intravenous injection | Lung cancer | α-tocopherol succinate, poly (lactic acid)-g-poly(ethylene glycol), ASO | 220 ± 0.02 nm | ASO-modified nanoparticles exhibited good cellular internalization, cytotoxicity, and apoptotic and necrotic effects | [84] |
Polyethylene glycol nanoparticles | Intravenous injection | Pancreatic cancer | Polyethylene glycol, polyethyleneimine, gemcitabine, ASO | 40–120 nm | ASO accumulates at the tumor site significantly | [85] |
Nanoparticles | Peritumoural injection | Drug-resistant bacteria | Zeolite imidazole framework-8, glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, ASO | About 410Â nm | Biomineralized nanoparticles with ASO achieved a high-efficiency treatment of MRSA infection | [86] |
Dendrimer nanocomplex | Peritumoural injection | Skin tumor | PAMAM, ASO | 80–150 nm | ASO-dendrimer complex causes significant apoptosis in skin tumor | [87] |