Table 3 A comparison of major methods for the synthesis of CaPs [20, 28]
Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
Precipitation | - Simple setup - Low operating temperature - Convenient doping with other ions - Uniform structures - High production yield of pure product | - Poor crystallinity - Irregularly formed - Inhomogeneous in composition - Calcium deficient |
Hydrothermal | - Good crystallinity - Convenient doping with other ions - Hierarchical structure | - Energy consumption - Low production yield of pure product |
Sol–gel | - High homogeneity - High purity - Lower processing temperature | - Expensive raw materials - Difficulty of hydrolysis rate control - Long processing time - Cycles depending on sol viscosity |