Fig. 6
a Pathways to crystallization by particle attachment [83]. b The mechanism, consisting of two steps, shows the formation of crystal nuclei inside them [82]. (i) The supersaturated solution. (ii) The dense liquid. (iii) The critical cluster at n2*. (iv) The nucleation cluster and ensuing growth of the crystal. (v) the thoroughly formed crystal. c The path to the free energy change ΔG according to the two feasible models of the two-phase nucleation mechanism [82]