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Fig. 10 | Biomaterials Research

Fig. 10

From: Biomineralization of bone tissue: calcium phosphate-based inorganics in collagen fibrillar organic matrices

Fig. 10

TEM images based on pAsp, is the most abundant amino acid group in NCPs and is used as a basic element in mineralization studies. a Cryo-TEM images according to pAsp for ACP precursor and Ca2+ concentration and time for crystal growth [130], Copyright © 2017, American Chemical Society. b Uranyl acetate staining TEM image of ACP mineralized reconstituted Col-I fibrils made anionic by binding with pAsp [132]. (1) The large and electrodense particles condensed on the fibril surface are ACP coacervates due to the electrostatic interaction between the polyvalent cation and the polyanionic electrolyte. (2) Adsorption of these electrodense particles slows the penetration of CaP. (3) In the maturation stage, the surface coacervate transforms into extrafibrillar CaP crystals, while mineralization intrafibrillar results in the formation of less heavy mineralized fibrils. c Mineralization of collagen fibrils in the presence of pAsp [134], © 2018 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. (1) Partially mineralized collagen fibers. (2) Enlarged image of mineralized collagen fibrils. (3) The SAED pattern in panel (2) is consistent with HAp and indicates oriented crystallization. (4) Elemental mapping of mineralized collagen fibrils

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