Fig. 10

a Schematic of the matrix hemodialysis membrane for achieving endotoxin-free dialysate in combination with high removal of uremic toxins from human plasma. b SEM images of the dual layer MMM and PES/PVP HF. c Removal of LPS from the dialysate using the dual layer MMM and PES/PVP HF in a cross-flow diffusion experiment (performed in duplicate) after 4 h. d Experimental set-ups used for LPS dynamic adsorption experiments in outside-in configuration (left) and inside-out configuration (right). Reproduced with permission [71]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier