Fig. 1From: Recent trends in therapeutic application of engineered blood purification materials for kidney diseasePathway for production and clearance of protein-bound indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulphate (PCS), p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG) and hippuric acid (HA) toxins from the body. Reproduced with permission [16]. Copyright 2021, ElsevierBack to article page